Small and mighty certainly – we’re celebrating as we speak, as a result of our totally electrical Volvo EX30 has landed an enormous accolade on the prestigious World Car Awards.
Beating a aggressive subject of nominees, the EX30 was awarded the title of 2024 World Urban Car in a presentation held as we speak on the New York International Auto Show. Our smallest ever SUV was additionally named as one of many high three vehicles on this planet out of an inventory of 38 nominees.
“Winning this award with the EX30 is incredibly gratifying and a firm validation of our ambitious electrification strategy,” says Jim Rowan, our Chief Executive. “Customer response to the EX30 has exceeded our expectations, and it has proven to be a perfect car for today’s marketplace as a growing number of car buyers switch to fully electric cars. I’m convinced the EX30 will strongly contribute to our growth this year and beyond.”
The EX30 was revealed final summer time to virtually common acclaim and has already gained a number of main awards, together with The Sun Car of the Year, the Small SUV/Crossover of the Year award from The Sunday Times, and the Eco Warrior of the Year award from Top Gear journal.
As such, the EX30 is a robust addition to our product portfolio, which additionally incorporates a number of engaging plug-in hybrid and mild-hybrid fashions in a number of segments. Those vehicles are an essential bridge on the best way to Volvo Cars’ ambition to promote solely electrical vehicles by 2030.
Since its reveal, the EX30 has quickly confirmed to be a well-liked automotive with prospects – primarily based on our orderbook, we count on it to be certainly one of our best-selling fashions this 12 months.
It is the smallest SUV we’ve ever launched and it’s constructed on a purpose-designed electrical automotive platform. In addition to producing zero tailpipe emissions, it has been developed with a deal with preserving its carbon footprint to a minimal throughout the automotive’s full lifecycle.
EX30 patrons have a selection of three electrical powertrains: a Single Motor model with 200kW (272hp) and a 51kWh battery; a Single Motor Extended Range with battery capability elevated to 69kWh; and a Twin Motor Performance mannequin with 315kW (428hp) and a 69kWh battery. The EX30 provides a driving vary of as much as 296 miles (476km) and its battery could be recharged from 10 to 80 per cent capability in slightly over 25 minutes.
The small print
Charging instances are depending on components similar to out of doors temperature, present battery temperature, charging gear, battery situation and automotive situation.
Range in line with the life like WLTP driving cycle below managed situations for a brand new automotive. Real-world vary might range.
Features and companies might not be accessible in all markets and won’t be customary in all markets or for all fashions.
One of probably the most instantly dangerous transmission issues is when it will not keep in gear as a result of an surprising drop into impartial can stop you from accelerating. Depending on the state of affairs, this is usually a hazard whereas on the street (this holds for automatics as properly).
This is probably going the results of a number of of the transmission’s parts (a bearing, the clutch, flywheel, and so forth.) sporting out and needing a alternative. It may be attributable to water moving into the usually sealed-off transmission system, say, from offroading or current heavy rains with flooding. Or perhaps it is the transmission fluid — once more — which could possibly be low, leaking, or in want of alternative.
In this case, it is much less vital to troubleshoot the trigger and essential to get it mounted straight away. Should your transmission begin to randomly drop out of drugs, take the automotive to a mechanic as rapidly and safely as doable.
Forget what you realize in regards to the former Kia Forte, as a result of this definitely is not it. Its substitute is a vastly totally different automotive—at the very least visually. Specifics on efficiency have not been launched. Kia has shared full photos of its new compact sedan earlier than it debuts publicly on March 27 on the New York Auto Show.
While magnificence could also be within the eye of the beholder, there isn’t any denying that the brand new K4 seems attention-grabbing. We can (most likely) additionally agree it makes the outdated Forte (aka Cerato) appear outdated. That rear pillar from the teasers nonetheless seems quite awkward, however Kia is understood for doing issues in a different way when it comes to styling.
The exterior styling resembles the smaller K3, which supersedes the Rio, however not within the United States the place Kia is phasing out its entry-level sedan. The new K4 seems to be bigger than the Forte it replaces, and whereas it has a rakish roofline, it is nonetheless a sedan with a standard trunk lid. The handles for the rear doorways have been included into the pillar the place the quarter glass is considerably bigger than what the Forte had. The rear doorways additionally appear longer, suggesting the K4 is a much bigger automotive.
This teal inside additionally represents a radical change because the 2025 K4 is the most recent Kia to obtain a dual-screen setup. You nonetheless have loads of old-school controls to regulate the local weather settings and the quantity, together with shortcuts for navigation, media, and different often-used capabilities. Above the door deal with on the motive force’s facet are buttons for the heated and ventilated entrance seat in addition to the heated steering wheel. The entrance passenger additionally has a three-stage heated and ventilated seat.
The 2025 Kia K4 seems to have a head-up show, loads of USB ports, a 12V 180W socket, and a drive mode button on the steering wheel. This teal upholstery is known as Slate Green, however the compact sedan can also be going to be supplied with Canyon Brown, Onyx Black, and Medium Gray interiors. If you wish to rely much less on the touchscreen, there is a rotary controller under the show.
The K4 ought to go on sale later this yr within the United States after it debuts subsequent week on the 2024 New York Auto Show.
Many smartphone players select the $799 iPhone 15 (or $1,199 iPhone 15 Pro Max) as a result of it has the top-of-the-line options you’ll want to play essentially the most superior video games. But if you’d like a console-like gaming expertise, you want a controller in your smartphone, which implies you’ll want to carry additional gear when you play hardcore video games.
However, the ASUS ROG Phone 8 Pro version already has built-in bodily buttons, making it simpler to play video games whereas feeling its tactility. Furthermore, you may attach accessories to the ASUS ROG Phone to assist it carry out higher below intense gaming hundreds.
Apple is undeniably the smartphone king lately, however it doesn’t suggest that different producers are simply merely giving up. So, if you’d like a good iPhone various, contemplate these smartphones as an alternative. Note that every one these telephones are Android-powered; when you do not need to change your telephone’s working system, then you need to settle only for an iPhone.
Motorcycles, identical to folks, are available all shapes, sizes, and colours. Because of that, having a certain body type can influence what kind of motorcycle you should ride. If you’re a lady who’s five-foot, two inches tall, it’s possible you’ll be higher suited to a Harley-Davidson Sportster or a small cruiser. On the opposite finish of the dimensions, if you’re a six-foot, seven-inch man, a touring bike with heightened handlebars would serve to be a greater match. Because if there’s one factor prospects hate, it is being caught with the incorrect motorbike.
If a 6-foot 1-inch bodybuilder rides away on a Sportster, he’ll appear like a bear on a unicycle. This is why it will be important for potential prospects and salespeople to take physique kind into consideration when choosing a motorcycle. Generally, most massive riders are extra well-suited to a motorbike that’s each in proportion to them, and one which has the body construction to help their weight. In many instances, that may also embrace the load of a second passenger. Generally, most massive riders will lean extra in the direction of cruisers and touring bikes as a result of they can verify off these two containers, in addition to fulfill a extra laid-back type of using as a substitute of peeling out and hitting over 120 MPH on a sports activities bike. So let’s take a better have a look at some fashions that massive riders love essentially the most.
This article has been up to date to make it extra related and impactful with new content material. Older entries have been up to date with new data, engine specs, and respective MSRPs to supply extra holistic data. In addition, a brand new entry has been added to the fold.
In order to provide the most recent data doable, the info used to finish this text was sourced instantly from the producer’s web site alongside authoritative websites. The fashions are listed by way of their MSRPs, from the bottom to the very best.
Comfort should not be an afterthought, it is a necessary a part of the using expertise
10Kawasaki Vulcan 900 Classic
Starting MSRP: $9,399
Kawasaki
If you are an enormous man, however you are not fascinated about buying within the touring bike part or a heavy-duty sports activities bike, then the super-affordable Kawasaki Vulcan 900 Classic is certainly proper up your alley. Its easy, low-profile design is each lean and muscular, offering consolation and management to massive dudes simply trying to exit for a soothing trip. With an MSRP of $9,399 for the 2024 mannequin, you get lots of bang on your buck.
It comes with a 5.3-gallon gas tank, ahead controls with floorboards, low-rise handlebars, a 903cc, low revving engine, and basic styling. This bike embodies what it means to be a dependable chill-out bike. The seat can be giant sufficient to suit most massive boys, not to mention average-sized riders. So, it is comfy sufficient for just about anybody.
Engine Specifications
Capacity
903cc
Engine
Liquid-cooled, 55-degree V-twin
Power
49.6 Horsepower
Torque
58.2 Pound-feet
Transmission
5-speed
9Kawasaki Ninja ZX-6R
Starting MSRP: $11,399
Kawasaki
From one Kawa to a different. For many riders, velocity is every thing. But as a result of many massive dudes require massive bikes, there aren’t lots of sports activities bike choices on the market to not make them really feel like they’re using a Grom. Thankfully, there may be the Kawasaki Ninja ZX-6R right here to fulfill these calls for.
Whether you are cruising across the neighborhood, otherwise you’re attempting to beat your greatest time on the observe, the Kawasaki Ninja ZX-6R brings the facility and dimension any adult-size throttle junkie will love. Its liquid-cooled four-cylinder 636cc engine is one in all this bike’s profitable options, together with ABS, smartphone compatibility, help & slipper clutch, traction management, and twin throttle valves. Just since you’re an enormous dude does not imply you’re without end certain by the touring class. As we talked about earlier than, bikes are available all sizes and styles. That contains Kawasaki Ninjas.
Engine Specifications
Capacity
636cc
Engine
Liquid-cooled, Parallel-Twin
Power
127 Horsepower
Torque
52.1 Pound-feet
Transmission
6-speed
8Suzuki Hayabusa
Starting MSRP: $19,099
Suzuki
Suzuki has an extended historical past of manufacturing memorable bikes. The mightiest of all of them simply may be the legendary Hayabusa. It has undergone quite a few alterations and numerous generations. Its look might have divided opinion even earlier than it was unveiled, however at its core, it’s nonetheless extremely fast.
The Hayabusa is an enormous motorbike by way of dimension. It comes with an enormous, highly effective engine and an extended historical past of being the quickest manufacturing motorbike. You will notice that the Hayabusa has the proper weight to really feel sturdy and well-proportioned beneath you, particularly if different sports activities bikes appear too small and dainty.
From sporty tourers to laid again mile munchers, this record covers the perfect touring bikes in the marketplace
7BMW R 1200 RT
Starting MSRP: $19,995
BMW
For many massive dudes, touring bikes are irresistible. They have all the dimensions, consolation, and options they may presumably need in a motorbike, and extra. But what about these whose tastes lean extra towards sports activities touring? As in riders that obtained their begin on sports activities bikes, however do not need to align themselves with the everyday touring bike rider. That’s the place the BMW R 1250 RT is available in.
While some might mistake the BMW R 1200 RT for being too cumbersome, it’s fairly mild on its toes and impressively maneuverable. As a motorbike designed to eat up miles, this long-range motorbike can deal with the observe simply in addition to it could actually deal with the freeway. Its water-cooled engine is one other tremendous addition for large guys trying to embark on the touring route with out sacrificing efficiency.
Performance Specifications
Capacity
1,254cc
Engine
Liquid-cooled, 4-stroke, twin-cylinder
Power
136 Horsepower
Torque
105 Pound-feet
Transmission
6-speed
6Harley-Davidson Fat Boy 114
Starting MSRP: $21,999
Harley-Davidson
The title of this motorbike is extra coincidental than intentional. The Harley-Davidson Fat Boy has been a staple in the brand’s lineup since 1990. Not simply that, it has obtained giant quantities of recognition now that it’s related to one of the legendary massive dudes of all time, Arnold Schwarzenegger in Terminator 2: Judgement Day.
But do not let its title idiot you. This bike has extra muscle than fats. Definitely one in all Harley’s bigger Softails, this bike additionally comes with floorboards ahead controls, a five-gallon tank, a Milwaukee-Eight 114 engine, a high-performance entrance suspension, and its two meaty, steamroller tires with strong steel-drum wheels. The theme of this bike is “bigger is better”, and you will notice much more of it all through this record.
These all-American touring bikes are one other massive hit for large dudes. Very a lot much like the Harley-Davidson Road King, Street Glide, and Road Glide, the Indian Springfield, Chieftain, and Challenger supply another option for touring bikes which are simply as appropriate for the massive n’ tall crowd. Abiding by the “bigger is better” idea, all three of those touring fashions are staples within the Indian lineup as a result of quantity of consolation, reliability, and particular options they arrive geared up with.
The Springfield is Indian’s reply to the Harley-Davidson Road King by making use of the dichotomy of a extra trendy take over classical styling. Meanwhile, each the Chieftain and the Challenger supply two fairing choices with a laundry record of recent creature comforts like turn-by-turn navigation, music, Bluetooth, stay visitors, Apple CarPlay, climate, and extra. Not to say the variety of trim choices, every providing totally different engine sizes.
Another tourer? Don’t look stunned. For those that need all of the consolation of a touring bike just like the Ultra Limited, however need a totally different tackle a motorbike made for the open freeway, look no additional than the Honda Gold Wing. This is a motorbike designed to go the gap, and contemplating that it’s designed to chop by way of the wind like a torpedo by way of water, there isn’t a roadway that this bike can’t deal with.
With the newest fashions coming geared up with turn-by-turn navigation, compatibility with Android Auto and Apple CarPlay, three factors of storage, ample room for a second rider, and a 1,833cc six-cylinder engine, the Gold Wing is able to fly down Route 66 every time you’re prepared. For bikes that meet the gold commonplace of touring, that is one in all them. And boy, is it welcoming for large riders.
Engine Specifications
Capacity
1,833 cc
Engine
Liquid-cooled, flat six-cylinder
Power
126 Horsepower
Torque
130 Pound-feet
Transmission
6-speed
3Harley-Davidson Road King, Street Glide, And Road Glide
Starting MSRP: $25,999
Harley-Davidson
Probably three of the preferred selections for large guys trying to cruise round city or embark on an enormous, cross-country street journey are the Harley-Davidson Road King, Street Glide, and Road Glide. This is because of the truth that, except for the fairings of the Street Glide and Road Glide, all three bikes share the identical touring physique. They are all constructed round a big touring body that may deal with two riders, a six-gallon gas tank, floorboards, ahead controls, exhausting saddlebags, a big touring seat, and sufficient consolation to make you’re feeling such as you’re using a sofa.
The Road King is the extra simplified mannequin, which is simply the physique and nothing else (and one which is not in manufacturing anymore). But the opposite two include their very own distinctive fairings geared up with the newest in using expertise, like speaker methods, and a touch-screen infotainment system with Bluetooth and Apple CarPlay/Android Auto compatibility. Depending on the trim, these bikes have engine sizes that vary from the Milwaukee-Eight 107 (Road King) and the 117 (Street Glide and Road Glide). Generally, massive dudes want massive bikes, and these three are at all times round to reply the decision.
Engine Specifications
Capacity
1,923cc
Engine
Milwaukee-Eight 117
Power
105 Horsepower
Torque
130 Pound-feet
Transmission
6-speed
2Ducati Diavel
Starting MSRP: $26,995
Ducati
For most of this record, we have been touring bikes that will greatest swimsuit an enormous dude. While portion of bike riders would agree with this choice, that should not counsel that there aren’t some high-performance cruisers constructed for them too. Among these is the Ducati Diavel V4.
This daring and sporty cruiser has the dimensions, suspension, and energy to deal with a heavyweight rider who by no means will get bored with that loud, revving sound Ducati is thought for. Its liquid-cooled four-cylinder engine produces 168 horsepower and 93 pound-feet of torque, and is ready to stability itself as an off-the-cuff cruiser, in addition to a velocity demon. This bike additionally has all the newest options that include different Ducati sport bikes, like cruise management, a number of trip modes, electrical ignition, ABS, adjustable shocks, and fast shifting.
For lengthy hours on the street, these bikes are the perfect of the perfect
1Harley-Davidson Ultra Limited And Road Glide Limited
Starting MSRP: $32,499
Harley Davidson
While we’re nonetheless on the subject of “bigger is better”, it is most likely time to convey up the Harley-Davidson Ultra Limited and Road Glide Limited. Both of those bikes have every thing massive guys might presumably need in a touring bike. An extraordinarily comfy seat, floorboards, ahead controls, a Bluetooth infotainment system with music, radio, navigation, 4 audio system, and a bat wing fairing (or shark nostril) to assist reduce by way of the wind.
It has a second seat that your passenger will adore, two exhausting saddlebags, and a 3rd journey pack that gives extra storage for helmets, jackets, garments, baggage, tenting gear, and so forth. Like most massive guys, consolation is a prime precedence when choosing a motorbike. Thankfully, each the Ultra Limited and Road Glide Limited have loads of it each for you and your passenger.
Porsche has recalled over 8,000 911s as a result of the entrance and rear glass windshields might detach in a crash.
Per the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), 8,101 Porsche 911s from 2020 by means of 2024 are doubtlessly affected, although the paperwork do not specify which trims are concerned. The downside lies with the adhesive used to bond windshields and rear home windows to the vehicles, or quite, the circumstances wherein it was used. It appears some 911s did not have surfaces utterly away from residue on the time of set up on the manufacturing unit. This can lead to a weaker adhesive bond.
It’s February 29, 2024. Because it is a intercalary year, February will get another day for Harley-Davidson to prep what it is bringing to Daytona Bike Week in 2024. It’s additionally the day that the Motor Company selected to point out off what it is bringing to the celebration, since DBW kicks off tomorrow.
Headlining this 12 months’s choices is the newest member of the Icons Collection. It’s the limited-edition 2024 Hydra-Glide Revival, crafted to have fun the seventy fifth anniversary of Harley’s Hydra-Glide entrance suspension. This is the fourth bike within the Harley Icons collection, and it is completed in a Redline Red and Birch White paint scheme that pays homage to the design discovered on the unique 1956 bikes.
It’s all concerning the particulars on this bike, with loads of chrome on the air cleaner cowl, laced wheels, entrance and rear fender trim, engine guard, and extra. A fringed leather-based solo saddle with white seam piping and crimson distinction stitching actually units the cockpit off. Leather and vinyl saddlebags each full the look and likewise add a contact of practicality for lengthy journeys.
While the styling is all a throwback, the engine is the Milwaukee-Eight 114 V-Twin, providing completely trendy Harley efficiency traits. It comes from the manufacturing unit outfitted with a Screamin’ Eagle High-Flow air cleaner, however is able to settle for much more Screamin’ Eagle modifications if the proprietor chooses.
What’s A Party Without Friends?
The 2024 Harley-Davidson Hydra-Glide Revival is rolling to Daytona Bike Week with a posse. What are we speaking about? In addition to sending its newest Icon Collection bike to the festivities, Harley can be exhibiting off its three Tobacco Fade Enthusiast Motorcycle Collection bikes as nicely. You’ll discover a Low Rider ST, Ultra Limited, and Tri Glide Ultra all completed within the Tobacco Fade paint scheme for those who’re attending DBW in 2024.
Pricing And Availability
30Photos
In addition to having the ability to take a superb have a look at the 2024 Hydra-Glide Revival at Daytona Bike Week, events also can place orders instantly at their native licensed Harley-Davidson supplier.
Each Hydra-Glide Revival is individually numbered, and only one,750 items will ever be made. Pricing and availability could range by geographic area, however within the US, the MSRP begins at $24,999.
For riders who’re extra within the 2024 Tobacco Fade Enthusiast Collection, this is the pricing data on these three bikes:
Model
US MSRP
2024 Harley-Davidson Low Rider ST
$25,299 (that is $23,399 for the common Low Rider ST plus one other $1,900 for the Tobacco Fade paint)
2024 Harley-Davidson Ultra Limited
$35,399 ($32,499 for the bike plus $2,900 for the Tobacco Fade paint)
2024 Harley-Davidson Tri-Glide Ultra
$41,999 ($37,999 for the bike plus $4,000 for the Tobacco Fade paint)
Are you excited concerning the Hydra-Glide Revival or the Tobacco Fade assortment? Let us know within the feedback!
If you are not already subscribed to CboysTV on YouTube, I envy you as a result of you may have a wealth of stupidly superb content material to observe. For the channel’s newest endeavor, the Cboys took probably the most unlikely automobile, a Harley-Davidson Street Glide full with flame decals, and turned it right into a snow bike.
You learn that proper.
The guys fitted this mile muncher with a Timbersled ARO equipment, however there was an issue. The equipment is designed to be fitted to motocross bikes, not 800-lb baggers. But the Cboys weren’t deterred and made all the required changes to show the Street-Glide right into a “mountain machine”. And it labored amazingly effectively—till it did not.
Mountain Machine
Much to my shock, and the Cboys, the Street Glide snow bike dealt with the mountain trails with relative ease. Accompanying it was a Yamaha R1 snow bike, which they converted in a previous episode. The symphony of a wailing inline-four and a thunderous V-twin tearing by way of the mountains could possibly be an ASMR video by itself.
Determined to search out the Street Glide’s limits, the Cboys took it off-trail and thru deep snow. Here, it appeared just like the entrance ski needed to dig into the snow and throw the rider off, nevertheless it simply saved plowing ahead “like a submarine in the snow”.
Hill Climb
The Cboys headed to Afton, Wyoming, searching for the right powder to check the Harley snow bike, and as luck would have it, there was a hill climb competitors on whereas they had been there. Snowmobile hill climb competitions are powerful for purpose-built automobiles, so when the organizers let the Harley snow bike enter the competitors, it regarded just like the automobile’s creators had been as shocked as anybody.
Having carried out so effectively on and off trails, there was a component of hope that the Street Glide, which most likely weighed greater than 900 lbs, would possibly make it up this ridiculously steep hill. I will not spoil the shock, however you may most likely guess the result. Watch till the tip of the video to learn the way the blokes bought on.
Just as a result of it is a four-cylinder engine doesn’t suggest it is not potent. The S14B23, the E30 M3’s engine, is a standard-layout dual-overhead-camshaft inline four-cylinder. It’s naturally aspirated, which suggests it didn’t use a turbocharger or a supercharger. With 2.3 liters of displacement, this potent engine put out a whopping 197 horsepower. For reference, that is about the identical energy output because the 302-cubic-inch V8 present in an equivalent-year Foxbody Mustang.
Vinauto stories that the engine was based mostly on the BMW M10 four-cylinder engine block with the cylinder head from a BMW S38 six-cylinder (the M5 engine) with two cylinders eliminated. This engine was particularly developed for high-performance purposes on each the street and the race monitor.
One of essentially the most excellent options of the S14 engine discovered within the BMW E30 M3 is its use of two particular person throttle our bodies. This allowed extra exact tuning of the air consumption system and supplied a extra speedy throttle response. This was a giant contributing issue within the responsive and sporty really feel of the first-gen M3 that gained the automotive its important acclaim and fanatics’ reward.
Honda has issued a large recall for a number of fashions as a result of the passenger-side airbags might unintentionally deploy. It impacts greater than 750,000 Honda and Acura vehicles from 2020-2022 and almost each mannequin.
The defect entails the entrance passenger seat weight sensor. A capacitor on the sensor’s circuit board might crack, resulting in an inside quick circuit. If that occurs, the entrance passenger frontal and knee airbags might nonetheless deploy even with the presence of an occupant who weighs too little for the security machine, like a smaller grownup or a toddler, growing the chance of damage.
Here’s the total checklist of recalled automobiles:
Year
Car
2020-2022
Honda Accord
2020-2021
Honda Accord Hybrid
2020
Honda Civic Coupe
2020-2022
Honda Civic Sedan
2021-2022
Honda Civic Hatchback
2021
Honda Civic Type R
2020-2021
Honda CR-V
2020-2021
Honda CR-V Hybrid
2020
Honda Fit
2020-2022
Honda HR-V
2021
Honda Insight
2020-2022
Honda Odyssey
2020-2022
Honda Pilot
2020-2021
Honda Passport
2020-2021
Honda Ridgeline
2020, 2022
Acura MDX
2020-2022
Acura RDX
2020-2021 Acura TLX
Acura TLX
According to Honda within the recall report, the problem arose from a provider that modified the bottom materials within the circuit board throughout the manufacturing course of as a consequence of a pure catastrophe at one other provider. The various base materials wasn’t verified for this use, which might permit extra pressure on the board, resulting in a cracked capacitor. Affected automobiles might have the SRS warning gentle illuminated, and the passenger airbag indicator might stay off.
Honda acquired its first guarantee declare for the problem in August 2020. The firm investigated however did not uncover any defects on the time. However, by October 2021, the corporate had a number of claims, so it continued to analyze, noticing the development improve by means of November 2023 earlier than discovering the defect final month. Honda hasn’t acquired any experiences of accidents or deaths associated to the problem, nevertheless it has acquired greater than 3,800 guarantee claims.
Honda will repair the burden sensor without spending a dime, informing affected house owners by March 8.
Unlock Your Automotive Passion and Explore the Road Ahead
