Tag Archives: vehicles

New BFGoodrich T/A Pursuit Tire Is Designed Specifically For Police Cars

Law enforcement vehicles have tough lives. While they may spend a lot of time idle, they are often called upon for high-speed pursuits, navigating various terrains, making sharp turns, and performing sudden stops. The tire of the vehicle suffers the most in these situations. Luckily, BFGoodrich has introduced a specially designed, all-season tire that can withstand this kind of punishment.

According to a recent press release by the company, this new tire is one of the best pursuit tires for wet-braking on the market. It can stop up to 21 feet shorter compared to other brands. Kim Kegler, the Brand Director of BFGoodrich Tires, said, “The BFGoodrich Elite-Force T/A tire can respond to emergencies in any condition, whether it’s driving downpours or rough gravel roads. We developed a tire that can handle severe conditions and meet any and every call.”

In creating this tire, BFGoodrich incorporated feedback from law enforcement officers in its design and testing process for the Elite-Force T/A. Major Jason Ramey from the Edgefield County Sheriff’s Office in South Carolina provided input, stating, “Wet-traction handling is the most important to me, especially in high-speed situations.”

Aside from its superior wet performance, the BFGoodrich pursuit tires are designed to be 35 percent stronger with a revamped tread pattern for enhanced durability and longer wear life. They are available in various sizes to fit different law enforcement vehicles, whether sedans like the Dodge Charger, SUVs like the Chevrolet Tahoe, or Ford Explorer. Additionally, these tires come with a badge-inspired design on the sidewall or a traditional sidewall for undercover work.

On the internet, you will find numerous videos featuring high-speed chases or other incidents where law enforcement vehicles are pushed to their limits. Recently, we covered a high-speed chase in Arkansas and a wild school bus chase that ended in a cornfield. These situations highlight the importance of purpose-built tires that can withstand heavy abuse.

Electric Mobility: BMW Debunks Myths in Video Podcast

Electric mobility is progressing rapidly, with a continuous rise in registrations of fully electric vehicles and the expansion of charging infrastructure. However, there are still many misconceptions surrounding electric vehicles. To address these misconceptions, BMW has launched a ten-part video podcast series called “Electric Myths.” Hosted by British tech enthusiast Tomi Adebayo (also known as GadgetsBoy) and transgender racing driver Charlie Martin, the podcast aims to debunk common myths and provide factual information about the advantages and possibilities of electric vehicles.

In each entertaining episode, the hosts discuss real-life anecdotes and answer questions that skeptics often have. They explore the day-to-day benefits of electric cars, their range capabilities, their cost-effectiveness, and their impact on the environment. The podcast also addresses the misconceptions surrounding hydrogen-powered vehicles and their safety.

The ten episodes will be released weekly, presenting a fun and informative way to understand electric mobility. Martin and Adebayo emphasize the enjoyable driving experience offered by electric vehicles from BMW, taking driving pleasure to a new level.

The podcast aims to create a better understanding of electric mobility without overwhelming the audience with contradicting statements. The episodes focus on lively exchanges, maintaining a modern and youthful vibe. Starting from June 22, 2023, the first two episodes will be available on BMW’s audio channels on Spotify, Apple, and Google Podcasts, as well as in video form on BMW.com and the company’s YouTube channel.

This podcast series, “Electric Myths,” follows BMW’s successful sustainability podcast, “CHASING THE GREENEST CAR.” In the previous series, environmental activist Anne Therese Gennari explores the sustainable efforts of BMW and the significance of electric mobility in reducing the company’s carbon footprint. The podcast delves into topics such as recycling, circular economy, social impact, and the future wave of innovations.

With a commitment to sustainability, the BMW Group aims to drive the transformation towards electric mobility. The company already offers fully electric models in all relevant segments and plans to increase the delivery share of all-electric vehicles to 50% by 2025 under the Neue Klasse models, while further reducing the carbon footprint over the entire product lifecycle.

Link to the podcast: https://www.bmw.com/en/electric-future/electric-car-myths-podcast.html

Honda Ridgeline, Toyota Tundra More American-Made Than F-150, Silverado: Study

The annual American-Made Index report by Cars.com has been released, ranking the 100 vehicles with the most content from the United States. While Tesla dominates the top of the list, there are interesting findings in the pickup truck category, which is one of the most popular vehicle segments in the US.

In this year’s American-Made Index, the Honda Ridgeline ranks ninth, making it the only pickup in the top ten. The Toyota Tundra is close behind in twelfth place.

The Cars.com ranking is determined based on five factors: final assembly location, percentage of parts from the United States and Canada, countries of origin for engines, countries of origin for transmissions, and manufacturing workforce in the United States. Each vehicle is ranked on a 100-point scale, with tiebreakers determined by curb weight.

This methodology explains why vehicles like the Hyundai Santa Cruz can rank higher than the Chevrolet Silverado, which is commonly regarded as a quintessentially American pickup. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) provides information on all criteria except for the manufacturing workforce.

Here is a table combining the Cars.com ranking with relevant information:

Model And Cars.com Ranking Percentage Of Content From United States/Canada Final Assembly Country Engine Source Country Transmission Source Country
9. Honda Ridgeline 65 percent United States United States United States
12. Toyota Tundra 60 percent United States United States United States
27. Jeep Gladiator 61 percent United States United States, Mexico United States, Germany
28. Ram 1500 63 percent United States Mexico, Italy United States, Germany
31. Hyundai Santa Cruz 55 percent United States United States United States, Korea
33. GMC Canyon Not Listed United States Not Listed Not Listed
34. Chevrolet Colorado Not Listed United States Not Listed Not Listed
38. Ford F-150 Lightning 38 percent United States Not Listed Not Listed
47. Toyota Tundra Hybrid 50 percent United States United States United States
55. Nissan Titan 45 percent United States United States Japan
61. Ford F-150 Hybrid Not Listed Not Listed Not Listed Not Listed
65. Nissan Frontier 40 Percent United States United States Japan
66. Ford F-150 30 percent United States United States, Mexico United States
77. Ford Ranger 23 percent United States United States, Mexico United States
87. Ram 1500 Classic 54 percent United States, Mexico Mexico Germany
95. GMC Sierra 1500 Not Listed Not Listed Not Listed Not Listed
96. Chevrolet Silverado 1500 Not Listed Not Listed Not Listed Not Listed

It’s important to note that electric trucks like the Rivian R1T and GMC Hummer EV are not included in the 2023 list because they exceed the weight limit set by the American Automobile Labeling Act. These trucks are manufactured in the United States.

Ford SuperVan 4.2: A Powerhouse with Over 1,400 HP for Pikes Peak Hill Climb

The Ford SuperVan is a series of high-performance vehicles that combine powerful engines with the brand’s commercial vans. With a history dating back to the early 1970s, the SuperVan is known for its impressive capabilities. This year, the fully electric Supervan 4.2 is set to compete in the 101st Pikes Peak International Hill Climb with Romain Dumas as the driver.

The “4.2” in the name signifies that this version is an upgraded variant of the Supervan that made its debut at the 2022 Goodwood Festival of Speed. To enhance its performance on Pikes Peak’s challenging terrain, Ford has made several modifications to the Supervan 4.2. These include revising the aerodynamics to increase downforce, which contributes to better stability during the race’s 156 turns. The upgrades also include the addition of a carbon-fiber front splitter and rear spoiler. Moreover, efforts have been made to reduce the weight of the chassis, although the vehicle still weighs over 4,400 pounds.

Yadea Plans $1 Billion Investment for New Factory in the Philippines

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the popularity of electric vehicles, particularly motorcycles. This trend is particularly evident in the Asian market, where electric scooters and motorbikes are valued for their practicality and affordability. Many of the leading electric two-wheeler companies are based in the region, with India and China playing a key role. Yadea, a Chinese brand, is one such company with plans for expansion.

Yadea offers a wide range of models tailored to suit the needs of various commuters. Their lineup includes electric scooters, mopeds, and bicycles designed to provide practical and affordable mobility solutions. As an up and coming company, Yadea shows no signs of slowing down. Recently, they announced a $1 billion investment in a new production facility in the Philippines.

While the Philippines has yet to fully embrace electrification, there has been a growing number of electric scooters and bicycles on its roads. Zero, a California-based electric motorbike manufacturer, has also struck a deal with a major corporation in the Philippines to produce electric motorcycles for the Southeast Asian market. Given the heavy reliance on motorcycles for mobility in the Philippines, setting up shop in the country holds great potential for Yadea. Moreover, the government’s efforts to attract direct foreign investment through lowered taxes and accelerated permit processing further enhance the appeal of the Philippines as a manufacturing base.

Yadea currently has six production facilities in China and one in Vietnam, where they manufacture electric two-wheelers for sale in their respective markets as well as for export to neighboring countries. The company has expressed interest in filing a Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA) application to establish a battery factory in Batangas, located about an hour’s drive from the country’s capital of Manila. Once approved and built, this battery facility will cater to local demand and meet the requirements of neighboring Asian countries.

Brabus Mercedes-AMG C63 With 600 HP Roars on the Autobahn

Brabus, a renowned tuner of Mercedes vehicles, has showcased its expertise in a new Autobahn video. The spotlight is on the 2015 AMG C63 with Brabus upgrades, which comes incredibly close to reaching its top speed.

The stock version of the 2015 AMG C63 S is equipped with a 4.0-liter twin-turbocharged V8 engine, producing 500 horsepower and 520 pound-feet of torque. Although this is plenty of power for most drivers, Brabus takes it up a notch with an upgrade that pumps out 600 hp and 590 lb-ft of torque, transmitted to the rear wheels.

In the video, the C63 attempts to hit its top speed of 184 mph, but traffic conditions hamper its efforts. Nevertheless, the C63 manages an impressive speed of around 177 mph (285 kph), a testament to its performance capabilities.

Brabus offers a range of additional upgrades to complement its tunes. These include options to swap out the exhaust, install new wheels, add adjustable springs, and enhance the exterior with carbon-fiber accents. The tuner caters to various models and customer preferences, allowing for customization of horsepower levels.

In addition to its Mercedes upgrades, Brabus has diversified its offerings with a unique bundle, priced at $1.51 million. This bundle includes a Brabus 800-tuned G63 with 789 hp and 627 lb-ft of torque, a boat with 900 hp, and a matching watch. The Brabus Shadow 900 Stealth Green Signature Edition sports boat is equipped with two 4.6-liter V8 Mercury Marine 450R engines, enabling it to reach speeds of over 69 mph (60 knots).

Another recent introduction from Brabus is the AMG GT63 S E Performance upgrade, which brings an extraordinary level of power. This plug-in hybrid boasts a combined output of 930 hp and 1,143 lb-ft of torque, allowing it to achieve a blistering acceleration of 0-62 mph in just 2.8 seconds. Although the 2015 AMG C63 is slightly slower, requiring 3.8 seconds to reach 60 mph, it still delivers impressive performance.

Global Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs) Strategic Business Report 2023: Stringent Vehicular Emission Norms Throws the Focus Squarely on NGVs

Global Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs) Strategic Business Report 2023: Stringent Vehicular Emission Norms Throws the Focus Squarely on NGVs

DUBLIN, June 16, 2023 /PRNewswire/ — The “Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs): Global Strategic Business Report” report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com’s offering.

The global market for Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs) estimated at 25.2 Million Units in the year 2022, is projected to reach a revised size of 42.3 Million Units by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 6.7% over the analysis period 2022-2030.

Light Duty Vehicles, one of the segments analyzed in the report, is projected to record a 6.8% CAGR and reach 39 Million Units by the end of the analysis period.

Taking into account the ongoing post-pandemic recovery, growth in the Medium & Heavy Duty Trucks segment is readjusted to a revised 6% CAGR for the next 8-year period.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at 172.2 Thousand Units, While China is Forecast to Grow at 7.4% CAGR

The Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs) market in the U.S. is estimated at 172.2 Thousand Units in the year 2022. China, the world’s second-largest economy, is forecast to reach a projected market size of 9.9 Million Units by the year 2030 trailing a CAGR of 7.4% over the analysis period 2022 to 2030.

Among the other noteworthy geographic markets are Japan and Canada, each forecast to grow at 4.9% and 5.5% respectively over the 2022-2030 period. Within Europe, Germany is forecast to grow at approximately 5.7% CAGR. Led by countries such as Australia, India, and South Korea, the market in Asia-Pacific is forecast to reach 11.6 Million Units by the year 2030.

Select Competitors (Total 55 Featured) –
AB Volvo
Bajaj Auto Limited
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
CNH Industrial N.V.
Daimler AG
Dongfeng Motor Corporation
Ford Motor Company
General Motors Company
Landi Renzo S.p.A.
Opel Automobile GmbH
PACCAR Inc.
Tata Motors Limited

Key Topics Covered:

I. METHODOLOGY

II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. MARKET OVERVIEW
– Influencer Market Insights
– World Market Trajectories
– Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs) – Global Key Competitors Percentage Market Share in 2022 (E)
– Difficult to Reduce Carbon Footprint of the Automotive Industry Shifts Focus to Alternate Fuel Vehicles
– Inability of Conventional ICE Powered Vehicles to Demonstrate Desired Reductions in CO2 Emissions to Drive the Focus on Alternative Fuel Vehicles: Official Laboratory CO2 Reduction Claims Vs On-Road Emission Efficiency (In Grams per Kilometer) for the Years 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2020
– Year 2020 Has Been a Year of Astounding Disruption & Unbelievable Transformation
– COVID-19 Leaves the World in Shambles & Industries and Markets Upended: World Economic Growth Projections (Real GDP, Annual % Change) for 2019 to 2022
– Continued High Unemployment Levels Challenges Growth in Industries Reliant on Consumer Discretionary Incomes: Global Number of Unemployed People (In Million) for Years 2017, 2019, 2020, and 2022
– As Mass Vaccination Drives Get Underway Worldwide, Will It Change the Existing Economic Realities? & Is it Really the Silver Bullet We Were Waiting For?
– How Fast the World is Vaccinated Will Determine How Soon the Pandemic Will End: Global Number of COVID-19 Vaccinations (Per 100 People) As of February 2021 by country
– Global Number of Annual COVID-19 Vaccine Doses (In Million) for Years 2020 through 2025 by Geographic Region/Country
– How the Automotive & Clean-Tech Industries Are Impacted by the Pandemic & What’s the New Normal?
– The Automotive Industry
– Global Automotive Market Reset & Trajectory – Growth Outlook (In %) For Years 2019 Through 2025
– Clean Technologies
– A Strong Rebound in Clean Technologies Brings Good News for NGVs: Global Clean Technologies Market Reset & Trajectory – Growth Outlook (In %) For Years 2019 Through 2025
– Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs) – Definition & Scope
– Recent Market Activity
– Innovations
– Competitive Market Presence – Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial for Players Worldwide in 2022 (E)

2. FOCUS ON SELECT PLAYERS

3. MARKET TRENDS & DRIVERS
– Growing Global Focus on Decarbonizing the World Offers Attractive Opportunities for NGVs in Decarbonizing the Transportation Sector
– Stringent Vehicular Emission Norms Throws the Focus Squarely on NGVs
– A Review of Environmental & Emission Norms Legislated Till Date
– With Transportation Accounting for Close to 23.2% of Global GHG Emissions, the Time is Ripe for the Adoption of an Integrated Approach Towards Reducing CO2 Involving NGVs: Global CO2 Emissions (In Billion Metric Tons) for the Year 2021
– Post COVID-19 Focus on Sustainability Will Drive NGV Adoption in Creating a Cleaner & Greener Transportation Industry
– Here’s Why the Environment & Sustainability Will be Top Priorities After the Pandemic
– Compliance Standards for Reducing Emissions from Vehicles to Become Stricter, Post Pandemic Global GHG Emissions from Transportation (In Billion Tons of CO2) for the Year 2021
– How NGVs Can Help Address the Sustainability Challenge?
– Cost Benefits, Environmental Motives and Government Incentives Catalyze Adoption Rates of NGVs
– Commercial Vehicle Fleet Owners Adopt NGVs to Meet Carbon Footprint Goals & Drive Profits Through Higher Fuel Economy
– Rising Popularity of EVs. What Does it Mean for NGVs
– Global EV Market Outlook
– Growing Number of EVs On Road, Will It Dislodge Technology Investments in NGVs: Number of EVs On Road Worldwide by Type (In 000 Units) for the Years 2019 and 2022
– NGVs Will Continue to Have a Future Alongside EVs, Here’s Why?
– Initiatives Undertaken for the Development of Fueling Infrastructure Spurs NGV Penetration
– Bio-CNG Vehicles Emerge to Counter the Methane Emission Threat Posed by NGVs
– Cost Pressures in the Logistics Industry Spurs Market Opportunities for Natural Gas as a Cost-Effective Alternate Fuel
– Focus on Road Infrastructure Development Post Pandemic to Ensure Sustained Growth of NGVs in Road Freight Transportation
– Continuous Development of World’s Highways to Expand Market Opportunities for Commercial Vehicle NGVs: Length of Road Networks (In 000 Kilometers) in Top 15 Countries Worldwide for the Year 2020
– Natural Gas Market Outlook
– How Shale Gas Revolution Has Lowered Natural Gas Prices?
– Despite the Strengthening of Prices Post 2020 Crisis, Natural Gas Still Remains Cheap
– Growing Competition from Liquid Biofuels Pose a Challenge to Market Prospects

4. GLOBAL MARKET PERSPECTIVE

III. MARKET ANALYSIS

IV. COMPETITION

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/931zkb

About ResearchAndMarkets.com
ResearchAndMarkets.com is the world’s leading source for international market research reports and market data. We provide you with the latest data on international and regional markets, key industries, the top companies, new products, and the latest trends.

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Research and Markets
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A Walk Down Memory Lane: The GM EV1

Electric vehicles have come a long way since their inception, evolving from being an ecological statement in the car niche to becoming a feasible personal mobility option. While Tesla’s efforts have been crucial to the current state of electric mobility, other automakers, such as General Motors with its GM EV1, have also played a significant role. Despite its short lifespan, the GM EV1 had a significant impact on today’s electric mobility scene. Introduced in 1996, this “plug-in” car was a two-seater electric vehicle with a futuristic design aimed at reducing pollution and promoting renewable energy sources like electricity. It boasted upgraded technology that allowed for a 140-mile range on a single charge, setting new global standards in vehicle engineering.

Unfortunately, the GM EV1 was discontinued in the late 1990s due to high production costs and lack of consumer interest. However, its accomplishments continue to hold relevance in EV history, as it touched on several key themes. The EV1 spurred research and development efforts in electric vehicles, exploring how technology can improve performance efficiency and how market forces can strengthen sustainability in electric mobility. As new technologies shape our lifestyles, there is much to learn from the influence of the GM EV1 on automotive electric mobility and charging infrastructure standards, despite its premature discontinuation.

Related: 10 Companies Deeply Invested In Electric Vehicle Battery Technology

The Inception Of The General Motors EV1

GM EV1 silver
GM
Photo of a GM EV1 cruising

In the early 1990s, General Motors, being a dominant car manufacturer, recognized the growing concerns surrounding climate change and made significant progress towards innovation. In 1990, they debuted the Impact, a two-seater sportster at the LA Auto Show. This was the predecessor of the EV1 and marked the initial efforts across the industry to limit harmful emissions and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Drawing inspiration from legacy models like the SunRaycer, GM’s team leveraged their technical and design expertise to develop a highly influential electric vehicle that would shape the EV industry.

Following the success of the Impact, a group of talented GM engineers and designers embarked on an ambitious adventure with sustainability as their driving force. They aimed to develop an electric vehicle that was ecologically benign, efficient, and ahead of its time. In 1994, GM launched the PrEView program, lending 50 hand-built Impact electric cars to drivers for one to two weeks in exchange for valuable feedback used for further development of the EV1. The original Impact vehicles were eventually destroyed, but their design served as the foundation for the GM EV1. Notably, this was General Motors’ first car branded with their company nameplate instead of a subsidiary marque.

Related: 10 Trends Popularized By EVs

It All Began With The EV1 Car

GM EV1 illustration
GM
Illustration of the GM EV1 architecture

The concept of electric cars has been around since the 1830s, but General Motors became the first to introduce a consumer-ready electric car in 1996, 14 years before the Nissan Leaf. The GM EV1, as it was officially called, was the result of years of research and development. It featured innovative elements such as regenerative braking and a robust powertrain system for long-lasting performance and extended range capabilities. The launch of the GM EV1 marked a significant milestone for General Motors and propelled the advancement of electric vehicles by delivering an impressive range of up to 140 miles per charge cycle. Its range, efficiency, and performance set new standards and inspired other automakers to invest in electric vehicle research and development. The EV1’s cutting-edge technology and futuristic design also sparked interest among consumers and the industry, providing insights into the potential breakthroughs in electric mobility.

The EV1’s Legacy Paved Way For A Lot Of Technologies

GM EV1 Interior
GM
Photo of GM EV10’s interior

The GM EV1, despite its short existence, left a lasting legacy in the electric vehicle industry. It challenged preconceived notions about electric vehicles and showcased that they could offer more than just eco-friendly transportation. The EV1 demonstrated impressive performance and futuristic design, breaking barriers and revealing the immense potential of electric mobility. By capturing public attention and generating interest, the EV1 played a crucial role in shifting perceptions and driving the wider acceptance and adoption of electric vehicles. Its technological advancements also set a precedent for subsequent electric vehicle models, driving innovation in battery technology, powertrain efficiency, and regenerative braking. The knowledge gained from developing the EV1’s components propelled the EV industry forward, leading to further breakthroughs in electric vehicle performance and range. The influence of the EV1 extended beyond General Motors, inspiring other automakers to invest in EV research and development, fostering competition, and promoting continuous improvement.

Related: Here’s What Made The Koenigsegg Gemera So Special

GM EV1
GM
Photo of the GM EV1

The story of the EV1 also offers valuable lessons for the EV industry. Its discontinuation highlighted the importance of cultivating consumer demand, investing in charging infrastructure, and addressing concerns related to cost and range anxiety. These lessons have guided the industry in making electric vehicles more accessible, convenient, and economically viable. Today, we see the impact of these lessons as EVs gain widespread popularity and automakers strive to create a sustainable transportation future. Thus, the legacy of the EV1 serves as an inspiration for a new generation of electric vehicles from established automakers and startups, symbolizing the pioneering spirit, innovation, and dedication that continue to drive the EV industry forward. The EV1’s influence can be observed in the diverse and rapidly expanding range of electric vehicles today, as well as the ongoing efforts to improve charging infrastructure and battery technology in the pursuit of a sustainable transportation future.

Related: 5 Reasons Why The Nissan Leaf EV Is a Good Buy (And 5 Reasons Why It Isn’t)

GM EV1 silver & red
GM
Photo of two GM EV1s on a field

Although General Motors is not entirely abandoning internal combustion, their early commitment to environmentally friendly transportation made significant progress with the introduction of the iconic GM EV1 nearly thirty years ago. This initiative propelled the electro-mobility aspect of the automobile industry toward discovering innovative measures for more environmentally friendly vehicles worldwide. Despite its premature termination, the GM EV1 taught valuable lessons that continue to impact the way corporations view green technologies today. As we move towards a more sustainable future, we must acknowledge the trailblazing contributions of vehicles like the GM EV1, which have sparked innovation and propelled the industry forward.

Best Spy Shots For The Week Of June 12

Motor1.com regularly shares spy shots of upcoming vehicles, often on a daily basis. If you want to stay up-to-date on the latest developments, here is a list of all the vehicles that have been spotted in the past week.

According to Audi’s new naming system, the A4 will now be known as the A5. These spy shots capture the production-ready version of the A5 Sportback variant.

Stellantis Reduces Availability of Combustion-Only Vehicles in 14 States

Stellantis, the automaker, has made the decision to no longer stock combustion-only vehicles in 14 states across the United States. This choice is a response to the emissions regulations established by the California Air Resources Board, which are more stringent than the nationwide standards. However, customers in these 14 states can still place orders for gasoline-powered vehicles with Stellantis.

The company has announced that it will only allocate models with internal combustion engines and no electric support to dealerships if there are specific customer orders. On the other hand, dealerships in states that do not follow the California Air Resources Board regulations will no longer receive deliveries of plug-in hybrid models unless there are customer orders.

The 14 states that adhere to the emissions guidelines established by the California Air Resources Board are Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, and Washington.