When the temperature drops, the rate of chemical reactions in battery cells also decreases. This decrease in temperature can lead to lithium plating, a common form of battery degradation caused by high-current charging in low temperatures. Lithium plating is considered the most severe aging process in Li-ion batteries and significantly reduces the amount of usable lithium.

On the other hand, hot temperatures have a harsher impact on EV batteries. Not only does heat accelerate chemical degradation, but the added strain of cooling the car further shortens the battery’s lifespan and driving range. This is why Tesla cars tend to maintain a closer range to their advertised specifications in colder climates compared to hot and humid environments.

The recent study also praises Tesla cars for their efficient thermal system, which activates based on external temperature variations. Interestingly, this system is active at all times, not just when the car is being charged. Specifically, the passive cooling system is always operational and helps protect the battery during low-temperature conditions.